Chunk 25.0

This sub-session performed a deep TIMELINE analysis of the Phase 8 pw=10 benchmark, revealing that the system is **perfectly GPU-bound** — the measured 37.4s/proof throughput exactly matches the serial CUDA kernel time of 10 partitions × 3.75s. Cross-sector GPU transitions after warmup are under 50ms, and synthesis is fully overlapped with GPU work, making further CPU-side optimizations (synthesis_concurrency=2, control benchmarks) unnecessary. The project documentation (`cuzk-project.md`) was updated with Phase 6-8 results, benchmark tables, and the TIMELINE analysis, then committed as `f5bb819a`. The user then observed GPU utilization/power dips correlating with ~50 GB/s PCIe traffic, prompting a detailed inventory of all 23.6 GiB HtoD transfers per partition inside the GPU mutex. Two root causes were identified: **non-pinned host memory** for a/b/c polynomials (6 GiB uploaded at half PCIe bandwidth through CUDA's bounce buffer) and **per-batch hard sync stalls** in the Pippenger MSM (8+ syncs per partition where GPU idles while CPU processes bucket results). A two-tier mitigation plan was designed and documented in `c2-optimization-proposal-9.md` (committed as `673967f2`): Tier 1 pre-stages a/b/c outside the mutex via `cudaHostRegister` + async upload on a dedicated copy stream, and Tier 3 restructures the Pippenger batch loop with double-buffered host result buffers to defer syncs and eliminate GPU idle gaps between MSM batches.

From Perfect GPU-Boundedness to Hidden PCIe Idle: The Phase 9 Optimization Campaign in the cuzk SNARK Proving Engine 3440 words

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